避免感染到肝炎病毒(如接種乙型肝炎疫苗、使用避孕套和不要共用針頭等)是預防慢性肝炎的最佳方法。4
我們關注的腸胃及肝臟疾病包括
慢性肝炎
慢性肝炎是指肝臟的炎症持續至少 6 個月,通常是由乙型或丙型肝炎病毒引起。4 慢性肝炎會令肝細胞持續受到破壞並產生疤痕(即發展為肝硬化),從而可能導致肝癌。4,5 在本港,大部分肝癌個案(肝癌是本港第三大致命癌症)都與乙型及丙型肝炎有關。5
脂肪肝
脂肪肝是指肝臟積聚過多的脂肪,可分為酒精性(與過量飲酒有關)和非酒精性(與過量飲酒無關,高風險因素包括肥胖或過重、高血糖、高血脂、患有糖尿病和正服用類固醇或抗癌藥物等)。6–10 雖然輕微的脂肪肝可能對病人沒有實際影響,但不受控制的脂肪肝長遠可引致肝纖維化、肝硬化、肝衰竭、甚至肝癌。6–9
現時並沒有任何治療脂肪肝的藥物,但早期的脂肪肝是可逆轉的。6,7 良好的生活習慣如均衡飲食、避免煙酒、多運動和維持適中的體重、血糖、血脂和血壓水平,能有效預防及控制脂肪肝。6–10
腸道活動異常
每個健康的人士都有機會發生便秘(排便困難、大便呈硬塊狀、每星期<3 次)和腹瀉(大便呈稀爛或水狀、每星期排便>3 次)。11–13 便秘可能是因為少喝水、少吃膳食纖維和缺乏運動導致,腹瀉則可能是因為受到感染、藥物的副作用和食物不耐受等造成。12
便秘和腹瀉一般只會持續很短的時間(如 1–2 天),但如果這種情況已經變成習慣或同時有其他症狀,就應該向醫生諮詢,他們會推薦治療方法或作進一步檢查。11,13
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參考資料PM-COR-22-112809
- Cherney K. What is hepatology? Healthline. 2021. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is- hepatology. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- 腸胃健康資訊專頁. The Hong Kong Society of Gastroenterology. Available at: https://www.healthygut.hk/. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- 肝病在香港的情況及種類. The Hong Kong Liver Foundation. Available at: http://www.liverfound.org.hk/index.php?id=15. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Chronic hepatitis. Drugs.com. 2021. Available at: https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/chronic-hepatitis.html. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- 2020–2024 年香港病毒性肝炎行動計劃. 香港特別行政區政府. 2020. Available at: https://www.hepatitis.gov.hk/doc/action_plan/Action%20Plan_Full%20Version_PDF_tc.pdf. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Centre for Health Protection. 非酒精性脂肪肝概覽. 非傳染病直擊. 2015. Available at: https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/ncd_watch_jun2015_chin.pdf. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Fatty liver disease. Cleveland Clinic. 2020. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15831- fatty-liver-disease. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Fowler P. Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis). WebMD. 2021. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/fatty-liver-disease. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mayo Clinic. 2021. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. Fatty liver disease. MedlinePlus. 2021. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Nall R, Higuera V. What makes for a typical bowel movement? Healthline. 2021. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/bowel-movement. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Tresca AJ. What it means to have a normal bowel movement. Verywell Health. 2022. Available at: https://www.verywellhealth.com/normal-bowel-movements-1942606. Accessed on February 13, 2023.
- Frequent bowel movements. Cleveland Clinic. 2018. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17791-frequent-bowel-movements. Accessed on February 13, 2023.